Research and Technology

Open Access Article

1 - Investigation of the Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) in Iran’s Innovation System: Case Study: the Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)
Reza Ansari Hamidreza Tayebi

National innovation system (NIS) as a system approach to innovation is composed of institutions that interact with each other for creation, dissemination and application of new knowledge commercially, acting within the boundaries of a country. One of these institutions More

National innovation system (NIS) as a system approach to innovation is composed of institutions that interact with each other for creation, dissemination and application of new knowledge commercially, acting within the boundaries of a country. One of these institutions is research and technology organizations (RTOs). In most countries, such organizations exist independently and non-corporate. In the innovation system, the role of intermediaries (especially RTOs) in the innovation process is an important element of successful innovation. RTOs in developing countries are, therefore, important actors in NIS, since they contribute significantly in the intensive learning process, which enabled these countries to successfully catch up with developed ones and, subsequently, shape their economy into a Knowledge Based Economy. The most prominent of such organizations in the innovation system of Iran, is the academic center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR). This article reviews and explains the research and technology organizations in the National Innovation System and studies ACECR as an example. Also, this article reviews reasons of formation for, distinguishing features, functions and domains of activity and position of research and technology organizations in National innovation system. Furthermore, the position of ACECR is explained as a Research and Technology Organization in Iran’s innovation system and finally some recommendations related to the role of ACECR in the innovation system of Iran and it’s domains of activity are made. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Enhancing Transfer Capacity and Capability of Commercializing Technological Achievements of Research and Technology Organizations by Establishing Business Development Centers
Reza Bandarian

The goal of conducting researches in Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) is for technological innovation to create new business opportunities, renovation or revolutionizing existing businesses. To do this, RTOs put the technological ideas in the path of technol More

The goal of conducting researches in Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) is for technological innovation to create new business opportunities, renovation or revolutionizing existing businesses. To do this, RTOs put the technological ideas in the path of technology development and commercialization. To move in this way successfully, the balanced and consistent "scientific-technical" as well as "commercial movement of technological ideas is required. One of the best patterns to balance the commercial evolution with the "scientific-technical" path, which are seen in successful and leading RTOs around the world is establishing "technological business development center". The mission of business development centers in RTOs is to implement the commercialization requirements in the process of technology development and provide consultancy and technical, economic and commercial assistance, regarding their technological achievements to those currently entering the commercialization phase. These services include the fundamental principles of business development based on their technological achievements of their organization and for their potential and current customers. This article first points out the necessity and importance of the technological business development center in RTOs and then presents the definition and functions of those centers in RTOs. Finally ends with conclusion Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Explaining Analytical Structure of Strategy in Research and Technology Organizations
Mahdi Bandariyan

Reviewing the literature of Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs), and the studying the reasons of ineffectiveness of those organizations in carryout their role and mission shows that, most of the time they haven’t definitive strategy or their strategies formulat More

Reviewing the literature of Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs), and the studying the reasons of ineffectiveness of those organizations in carryout their role and mission shows that, most of the time they haven’t definitive strategy or their strategies formulated and executed based on incompatible models. In other side, many managers of RTOs are familiar with strategic management approach, but each has its own interpretation of that concept. Accordingly, the raised issue is what is the interpretation of strategy in RTOs? The study’s purpose is to explore the analytical concept of strategy in RTOs, to generate a frame that facilitates the process of strategic management in RTOs. Generally, organizational strategy determines the future direction and draws how the organization wants to achieve it. This study explains the analytical structure of strategy in RTOs and finally concluded that strategy in RTOs is begin by recognizing a technological opportunity based on industry challenges and by achieving that technological competencies which are correspond to those challenges within the budgeted time and money, the strategy achieved successfully. In analytical structure of strategy in Research and Technology Organizations after determining the required technological competencies and the different technological solutions to achieve each of them, the way to achieve any of its technological solutions to be studied. The range options to achieve a technological solution are form technology transfer of foreign sources to internal development in RTOs. Between those two end points, there are different pattern of technological cooperation and partnership to developing a targeted technology, which some of them are strategic alliance, strategic partnership and joint venture. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Corporate Entrepreneurship; a Solution for Commercialization of Technological Research Findings in Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs)
Reza Bandarian

RTOs' missions are for technology development and carry out complicated commercialization processes. Commercialization of technological research findings is so costly for RTOs that they can not carry out commercialization process by themselves. In the other hand, indust More

RTOs' missions are for technology development and carry out complicated commercialization processes. Commercialization of technological research findings is so costly for RTOs that they can not carry out commercialization process by themselves. In the other hand, industries which are in competitive environment, for sustainable growth require superior new products and technologies which enable them in competitive scope. Industries often have frequent financial and human resources and this leads to their advantage to commercialization process, because those assets provide possibility for adapting huge risk. The lost ring in this chain is the link between RTOs as the developer of technology and industries as the adapter of technology. Entrepreneurship could solve this problem by providing this lost ring and linking RTOs and industries. Corporate entrepreneurship is one of the entrepreneurship types and is defined as some entrepreneurship among the available corporate companies. Entrepreneurship looks for introducing new products and organizational systems in the scope of corporate. Entrepreneurship has five different kinds and each of them carries out entrepreneurship in its own style. Among these, Acquisitive and Opportunistic entrepreneurship have the highest fitness to enrich and enhance coexisting relation between industries and RTOs to commercialize technological findings. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - A Criticize on Booklet of Research and Technology Performance Evaluation of Universities and Research Institutes in 2005 & 2006
Sasan Sadraei Reza Behradi Yekta

In this paper, the report of research and technology performance evaluation of universities and research institutes in 2005 & 2006 which is prepared by Research Evaluation Office of Ministry of Science, Research and Technology and published in the booklet of Summery of More

In this paper, the report of research and technology performance evaluation of universities and research institutes in 2005 & 2006 which is prepared by Research Evaluation Office of Ministry of Science, Research and Technology and published in the booklet of Summery of Research and Technology Performance, has been criticized. In the mentioned report, research and technology performance of all universities and research institutes have been analyzed and compared with the five similar criteria, while each of the research institutes depending on their type and existence philosophy, has different mission and also different position in the chain of science to technology. This mission and position in the chain of science to technology should be considered in the performance evaluation and the criteria of performance evaluation should be redefined according to that. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Contract Research Model Nonoccurrence with the Research and Technology Organizations Mission in Technology Development
Reza Bandarian

10.7508/jstpi.2016.01.001

Due to the Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) lack of relation with industry and their tendency to do activities more closer to the universities, which had led to their inefficiency in carrying out their primary mission, since thirty years ago, governments in More

Due to the Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) lack of relation with industry and their tendency to do activities more closer to the universities, which had led to their inefficiency in carrying out their primary mission, since thirty years ago, governments in many countries by cuts the RTOs governmental budget have directed them to financing through industry research budgets, and in some cases, through cut the state budgets, the RTOs were forced to acquiring income (in order to self-sufficiency). Accordingly, another type of research organizations as Contract Research Organizations (CRO) was formed. In this paper, in order to answer the question of whether a contract research model is consistent with the RTOs mission in technology development or not. First, the issue had reviewed historically and then the process of contract research and independent research and their characteristics were investigated and based on that the conclusions and recommendations are offered. The results shows that carrying out the technology development research by the RTOs in the form of a contract research between the industry firms and the RTOs, due to conflict with the requirements of technology development and working conditions of the RTOs is not a good choice and independent research approach is recommended as the most suitable method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Developing a Conceptual Model of Strategic Agility in Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs)
Reza Bandarian

10.7508/jstpi.2016.02.002

Research and technology management requires a more comprehensive holistic approach in order to achieve coordinated strategies. New approaches should force Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) to proactive response to changes in the environment with the rapid tec More

Research and technology management requires a more comprehensive holistic approach in order to achieve coordinated strategies. New approaches should force Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) to proactive response to changes in the environment with the rapid technological changes. RTOs by development of proactive features on their interior can achieve to a special ability called "strategic agility". Strategic agility is the ability to reform, renovate and renewal the organization, business model and strategies to cope with environmental changes. In this paper, in order to develop a comprehensive framework to achieve strategic agility in RTOs, first, all of the previous research in the field of strategic agility in the last few years have been reviewed and then adapt and adjust to the nature, characteristics and requirements of RTOs, finally the seven dimensions (key factors) and thirty one index for strategic agility in RTOs extracted and has been defined. The seven key factors are strategic sensitivity, clear vision, selecting strategic technological knowledge goals, identifying key capabilities, seizing and exploitation, continuous technological innovation and being proactive. This model is based on the combination of both internal and external organizational approach, and provides the basis for the assessment of strategic agility in RTOs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The Study on Research and Technology Park Policies and its Effective Factors Case Study: NexGen Aviation Research and Technology Park
Ali Haji Gholam Saryazdi Manochehr Manteghi سید سعید هاشمی

the Next Generation Aviation Research and Technology Park (NexGen ARTP) is established to meet the present and future aviation needs of USA and develop this industry. The Park, established in 2008, is in an agreement and lease with the South Jersey Economic Development More

the Next Generation Aviation Research and Technology Park (NexGen ARTP) is established to meet the present and future aviation needs of USA and develop this industry. The Park, established in 2008, is in an agreement and lease with the South Jersey Economic Development District covering 58 acres of FAA property located at the William J. Hughes Technical Center. Thus, this paper aims to introduce NexGen ARTP and investigate the park and its policies. Also, we are offering positive leverages to top managers and policy makers of aviation technology park in Iran. In this paper, after the park introduction, we are drawing rich picture of Nexgen ARTP in order to analyse it. The Finding of Analysis includes the impacts of Federal Aviation Administration, William J. Hughes Technical Center and members; incubator and start up SMEs; park development on the New Jersey economic district development, nation, and aviation industry; universities and research centers on park. Eventually, we are extracting effective leverages and important points that include park location and external environment, collaboration, government supports, funding and precise studies and planning. Manuscript profile

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